After the failed Christmas day plane bombing Barack Obama has renewed his commitment to the war on terror and to hunting down terrorists wherever they may be. It has been suggested that the United States just doesn’t get it. I agree.
They keep fighting but people keep trying to kill them. Has it crossed their minds that the two might by chance be connected? Is it beyond their ability to comprehend that the exclusive use of hard power has thus far completely failed in its attempts to win the war on terror?
Not only has the use of hard power (by which I mean military force and/or economic coercion) failed to win this war but it has also managed to alienate past allies and led to a significant lapse in their soft power. This being their ability to get what they want by appearing attractive. This is their policy, culture and values – things such as liberty, freedom, equality and democracy. It doesn’t matter that it is but a smoke screen behind which reality lurks, it is the perception of these things which counts when it comes to soft power.
And as a result of its war on terrorism its ability to influence and achieve its objectives by being appealing to the outside world has been all but destroyed. The world believed that the election of Barack Obama would repair that damage but perhaps that was incorrect.
Perhaps the international community has been premature in awarding him the nobel peace prize. Though this was undoubtedly a case of the international community using its own soft power to attempt to influence American foreign policy. Perhaps the critics will end up correct in their early assesment that Barack Obama will have no choice but to become George Bush 2.0.
What Obama needs to realise is what everyone else (specifically the likes of Joseph Nye and John Mearsheimer) have already realised – that you can’t bomb for peace. The solution must now be to use the instruments of soft power to appeal to the mainstream non-violent Muslim majority and to dry up the support for the Islamic extremists. And while hard power will have its place it should be in a place less prominent.
If Obama and his administration can’t see that it is their own foreign policy which is causing a whole generation of Muslims to be radicalised, in defence of their homeland against an occupying imperialist power, then it is true that they just don’t get it. Do they really believe that they can invade other countries, exert their imperialist hard power and not suffer the consequences of such a policy? Of course young Muslims are going to take up arms against them.
The Obama administration could learn much by looking to the Cold War and drawing parallels between that and the war on terror. It wasn’t nuclear weapons or guns which brought an end to the Soviet Union – it was soft power. While the military hardware had a role to play the Berlin Wall ultimately came down because those in East Germany and the Soviet Satellite States looked to the United States and seen capitalism, freedom, liberty and democracy and they decided that was what they wanted too. The wall came down because western liberal democracy was appealing. And our values must again be appealing to the Muslim mainstream if the war on terror is to be won.
Obama is wrong if he thinks he can do a Bush and smash the enemy into submission with military hardware. Again, looking at the Cold War, at a record high was the number of cultural exchanges, broadcasting and development assistance and in doing so they won over hearts and minds.
However we should not be suprised; just as all other Presidents Barack Obama too believes in the exceptionalism of the United States and that this exceptionalism gives him an entitlement to act with unilateralist preponderance. Without a doubt, Obama agrees with those over at the Project for the New American Century who ask if not America then who will confront rogue states and terrorists? They conclude that their excessive defence spending alone makes them capable of completing the job. Like George Bush, Barack Obama has continued with a neo-conservative foreign policy in that they must maintain their pre-eminence in the world, thwart rival powers and shape the global security system in a way which suits them and them alone.
Perhaps, like George Bush so too will Barack Obama prove to lack contextual intelligence in pursuing the correct foreign policy to the precise foreign policy challenge. What is certain is that we do not need to continue a foreign policy which is about exporting fear rather than hope and optimism. If Obama continues with sending more and more troops into Afghanistan and using hard power he will continue to fan the flames of extremism.
What is now needed is a complete turn around in foreign policy, sooner rather than later. And he would be smart to reconcile himself with the use of soft power.